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Srovnání produkčních parametrů kukuřice a čiroku pro energetické využití
Horký, Jiří
This thesis focuses on two different kinds of crops, corn and sorghum, and deals with their application for energy purposes. The first part consists of botanical classification and a description of morphology of both crops, their classification into subspecies and agrotechnical procedures used in their production. The second part concisely deals with biogas, the history of its usage, the principle behind its creation and usage, technological lines for biogas production and the yield of biogas production when using corn and sorghum substrate. The third part gives a description of cultivation economy of these crops. The conclusion then links the findings of all the parts and deduces the economic aspects of the production of each crop.
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Study of physiological changes in plants under stress by zinc ions
Adam, Rostislav ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
Heavy metals are part of us life for many centuries. Some of them are for living organism neccessary, but in large amount they have toxic effects. So we should decrease amount of heavy metals in the Environment. We have many way to do it. A relatively new way are the phytoremediation. If we would use the phytoremediation, we should know, what they do in plants. We must use specific plants, which are tolerant to certain heavy metal. If we would select a suitable plant, we have to try, how heavy metals in soil solution are toxic to plants. Zinc is no expection, although it is important part of many proteins. In plants it make rusty leaves and reduct aboveground and root biomass production. In hydroponic experiment I investigated that mallow Malva verticillata was very sensitive to low additon of Zn(NO3)2. The toxic efect appeared in 2 weeks. In sorghum Sorghum bicolor zinc show expressive toxic effect at concentration 1 mmol/l. I studied six cultivars of Sorghum bicolor, DSM 14-535, Expres, Honey Graze BMR, Nutri Honey, Sucrosorgho 506 and Sweet Virginia. According EC50 I as- sessed that the most sensitive was Sucrosorgho 506 and very tolerant were Nutri Honey and Sweet Virginia. Cultivar Nutri Honey was characteristic. It had the highest ratio concentration in shoot to concentration in root. I studied...
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Mechanisms of exodermal response to nutrient availability in the environment
Gargoš, Ondřej ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Kummerová, Marie (referee)
in English The apoplastic barriers of the root (endodermis and exodermis) represent an important regulatory mechanism for the uptake of water and nutrients from the environment, ensuring its selectivity. In addition, both layers respond to stress factors by altering its rate and degree of cell wall modification, which affects the transport properties of the root and represents adaptive plants to high heterogeneity of the soil environment. Apoplastic barriers also respond to the availability of mineral nutrients. This issue has recently been intensively studied and a number of ambiguities persist. Interestingly, the deficiency of some mineral nutrients stimulates the differentiation of barriers, while the deficiency of other mineral nutrients delays the differentiation. In addition, different plant species react differently to the deficiency of the same element. Another interesting aspect is the fact that the reaction of the endodermis and exodermis is localized and takes place mainly in that part of the root system which is directly exposed to the stress factor. This phenomenon has been observed with cadmium toxicity, but more recently with local nutrient deficiencies (nitrogen and potassium) in Zea mays. This diploma thesis deals with the functional significance of localized enhancing or delaying...
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Možnosti výroby piva z netradičních surovin
Valentová, Natalie
The literary part of the diploma thesis deals with traditional raw ma-terials, special malts and non-traditional raw materials for beer producti-on and beer production as such. Furthermore, the production of beers from non-traditional raw materials in the world. The experimental part is devoted to the description of the production of own beers from non-traditional malts (amaranth, chickpeas, sorghum, buckwheat, quinoa) and their chemical analysis by HPLC and Fermen-toFlash. In the next part a method of sensory analysis was described, and the results were then shown using radar charts. In the results and discussion section these analyzes are statistically processed and evaluated for the mutual dependence of the substances from the chemical analysis on the sensory characteristics of the individu-al products.
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Využití netradičních druhů obilovin pro výrobu běžného pečiva
Siudová, Dominika
The aim of the thesis The usage of non-traditional cereals in baking production was to determine the influence of the addition of flours made from unusual kinds of cereals on the quality of baking products. The theoretical part deals with ingredients and the technologies used in bread production and the description, material composition, properties and usage of unconventional cereals such as sorghum, corn, rice and Job's tears. The practical part is focused on the production of baguettes with the addition of flour from these cereals. The quality of the final baguettes was assessed by measuring the volume, firmness of packed and unpacked product during the first and the second day of storage. In addition, the colour of bread was measured and the sensory quality was evaluated. The addition of 5,5 % of these flours into the product did not have a significant negative effect on bread volume, its firmness and sensory properties. Although bread gained interesting colour and its nutritional value has raised up.
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Studium využití netradičních doplňkových objemných krmiv v systému výživy dojnic
Filipčíková, Jitka
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate nutritive value of sorghum as an alternative crop utilizable for feeding dairy cows. The solving of these problems took place in three main experiments in 2010 to 2012. In assessing the achieved results of the first experiment, it is possible to confirm the fact that hybrids of sorghum and sudan grass with a reduced content of lignin (BMR hybrids) have higher nutritive value and statistically substantially higher digestibility of organic matter. Along with the process of vegetation aging there was an increase of the content of dry matter, roughage, lignin, ADF, and NDF with all the hybrids analyzed in experiments. On the contrary, simultaneously with these changes there was a decreasing quantity of nitrogenous substances, fat, easily soluble carbohydrates, as well as decreasing of organic matter and NDF digestibility. When feeding sorghum silage in a feed ration, we recorded with dairy cows a higher number of ciliates and a higher portion of acetic acid in rumen fluid. A significant result is also our monitoring of effects of sorghum on milk fat content.
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Comparison of biomass production and dry matter content of sugar and grain sorghum
LIŠKA, Zdeněk
The diploma thesis focuses on comparison of biomass production, dry matter of grain sorghum and sweet content. Four hybrids of sweet sorghum and one hybrid of grain sorghum were chosen for the evaluation. A small-parcel experiment with a line spacing of 0.75 meters was established for the comparison. The experiment was going on for two years. Two years of monitoring showed the differences in yield on biomass and dry matter of individual hybrids. A great potential of biomass and dry matter production in convenient weather condition and the ability of the yield produc-tion in dry and hot conditions by sweet hybrids emerge from the two years results. A grain hybrid yielded a small amount of both biomass and dry matter in both years.
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Physiological mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in Sorghum bicolor
Kratochvíl, Jan ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Current agriculture is facing a serious challenge of decreasing precipitation and irregular occurrence of drought periods including their unfavorable distribution during the vegetation season. This leads to growing interest in planting highly drought-resistant crops like sorghum. In comparison with other crops, sorghum excels in low water demand, though exhibits high susceptibility to low temperatures, which hampers its spread to new regions. Surprisingly, there is not enough information about the nature of sorghum's reaction to cold exposure. The aim of this diploma thesis was to describe reactions of young sorghum plants exposed to cold stress, low water availability and their combination and to verify the possibility of plant hardening through previous low-stress load. The special focus was paid to changes in carbohydrate metabolism, which plays generally very important role in plant defense reactions. The other analyzed physiological traits were leaf tissue osmotic potential, proline content and basic morphometric characteristics. Experimental design consisted of pot experiments conducted in growth chambers and the experiments performed under controlled conditions in vitro, using two sorghum genotypes "Ruzrok" and "01Z1800012". Both genotypes exhibited similar response to stress treatment....
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Study of accumulation of cadmium ion by energy crops
Berkyová, Petra ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
Cadmium is heavy metal toxic for plants and animals and environmental contaminant which must be removed from natural environment. In recent years a new method phytoremediation is getting more attention. This method uses plants called hyperaccumulators for extraction of heavy metals from soils. Hyperaccumulators have, however, after accumulation of heavy metals no other use. Therefore new possibilities are discussed in last few years. Energy plants, in this thesis sorghum and malva, could be used for accumulation of heavy metals from soils and after that these plants could be used as energy source. This thesis wants to find out if sorgum and malva are able to grow in cadmium contaminated environment and if these plants will accumulate cadmium. It also compares different cultivars of sorghum in toxicity tests and compares ability of these cultivars to grow in cadmium contaminated environment and to accumulate this heavy metal. Further it focuses on affection of uptake of kadmium ions by sorhum in presence of glutathione or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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